3.1.1.3 coordinate Noun Phrases
In
coordinate noun phrases both the constituents will be in coordinate relation to
each other. There are three types of
coordinate NPs:-
3.1.1.3.1. Additive NPs : Additive NPs are obtained by using additive marker həy~həyaŋe ‘and’. While the first variant is used between
phrases, the second is used between clauses, eg. :
(a) nɨtan həy sɨkonaha ‘(the)
boy and (the) girl’
1 2 1 2
nàŋñu həy nàŋpa ‘your
mother and your father’
1 2
1 2
hàtəw həy (yəŋe) təw ‘this and that’
1 2 1 2
nàŋ həy (yaŋe) təw ‘you-and I’
1 2 1
2
weəŋləw həy yəw? ‘bamboo and palm leaf’
1 2
1 2
(b) nàŋ/taytəw/ həyaŋe / nàŋ sita laya
1 2 3 4 5 6
‘you go and wash your face’
1 2
3 6 4
5
eə ha?yáŋki /həyaŋe / yo?oŋe yìŋyáŋki
1 2 3 4 5
‘he ate and (also) drank a lot’
1 2
3 5 4
There is one more marker used in this function - ənniyu.
Eg. :
səmsu/ ənniyu/ ñəmwɨŋ/ənniyu/ la:kepe lòke ləye
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
‘drum beating/ and/ gong beating/ and/ gun shooting,
singing, shouting’
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sometimes additive markers can be dropped from the NP
constructions. Still they will be well
formed NPs, eg. :
Yansem yanla? ‘gun
(and) ammunition’
1 2 2 1
kòñák nawsi nawyalan
‘Konyak
boys (and) girls’
1 2 3 1
2 3
kè to, khùk ənniyu ləme ləme ‘ke, to, khuk and different (others)’
1 2
3 4 5 1 2
3 4 5
When more than two nouns are used in a NP as above the
additive marker is placed before the last noun.
Yiŋñu yiŋcóŋ máè ‘many big (and) small forests’
1 2
3 4
4 2 3 1
yənmòk ñuha ‘animal
big-small’
1 2
3 1
2 3
(i.e., all animals
big and small)
3.1.1.3.2.
Alternative NPs : Alternative marker is hə(y)ya, eg. :
Lay həya
pensil ‘book or
pencil’
1 2 1
2
ŋayñí? həya hɨmñí? ‘tomorrow or day after
tomorrow’
1 2
1 2
ñí həya
lɨm ‘two
or three’
1 2
1
2
nomñí həya
numanlɨm ‘you two or you three’
1 2 1 2
hàtəwlan nɨtannahañí həyalɨm
1 2 3 4
‘these two or three boys’
1 3
4 2
3.1.1.3.3. Disjunctive NPs : Disjunctive marker is hepoy4~həyaŋpoy2
təw
həpoy / həyaŋpoy nàŋ ‘I but you’ ……
1
2 1 2
hàtəw cɨŋ
həpoy / həyaŋpoy utəw
cɨŋ
1 2 3 4
‘this village but that village’ etc.
3.1.1.3.4. Appositive NPs : Appositive NPs do not take any
markers. But two nouns can occur
together in appositional relation.
Usually while the first noun indicates or provides a ‘generic’ term; the
second noun indicates the species, what the first mentions generally. For instance;
ya
nawya ‘she-the girl’
Here ya ‘she’ indicates the
‘gender’ (whether male or female); and the second noun nawya ‘girl’
makes it more specific (a girl and not a lady, for instance).
Similarly-
məy
məyki ‘animal-deer’
1
2 1
2
*ecəy-li?waŋe ‘her
brother-Lihwang’…….
1 2 3 1
2 3
Sometimes same adjectives are also
used qualifying the noun, eg.:
Enaw henloŋ – nawya məypu ‘his sister henlong - girl
1
2 3 4 5 1 2
3 4
beautiful’
5
henloŋse
mɨnpu-sɨkonahasa ‘a girl by name Henlong’, etc.
1 2 3 3
2 1
On the whole this type of
construction is not very popular.
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1. hə- in həpoy is contracted form of
həy.
2. when həy occurs before –yaŋ, the final –y is
dropped.
*In
narrations no distinction is made between 3rd person, eg. :
masc.
Vs. fem; for both only e is used.